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Sir Muhammad Iqbal () (November 9, 1877 – April 21, 1938), widely known as Allama Iqbal (), was a poet, philosopher, and politician, as well as an academic, barrister and scholar〔 in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement. He is considered one of the most important figures in Urdu literature, with literary work in both the Urdu and Persian languages.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Allama Muhammad Iqbal Philosopher, poet, and Political leader )〕〔 Iqbal is admired as a prominent poet by Pakistanis, Indians, Bangladeshis, Sri Lankans and other international scholars of literature.〔 〕〔 Though Iqbal is best known as an eminent poet, he is also a highly acclaimed "Muslim philosophical thinker of modern times".〔〔 His first poetry book, ''Asrar-e-Khudi'', appeared in the Persian language in 1915, and other books of poetry include ''Rumuz-i-Bekhudi'', ''Payam-i-Mashriq'' and ''Zabur-i-Ajam''. Amongst these his best known Urdu works are ''Bang-i-Dara'', ''Bal-i-Jibril'', ''Zarb-i Kalim'' and a part of ''Armughan-e-Hijaz''. Along with his Urdu and Persian poetry, his various Urdu and English lectures and letters have been very influential in cultural, social, religious and political disputes over the years.〔 In 1922, he was knighted by King George V,〔 giving him the title "Sir". While studying law and philosophy in England, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All-India Muslim League.〔〔 Later, during League's December 1930 session, he delivered his most famous presidential speech known as the Allahabad Address in which he pushed for the creation of a Muslim state in Northwest India.〔〔 In much of South Asia and Urdu speaking world, Iqbal is regarded as the ''Shair-e-Mashriq'' (, "Poet of the East").〔〔 He is also called ''Mufakkir-e-Pakistan'' (, "The Thinker of Pakistan") and ''Hakeem-ul-Ummat'' (, "The Sage of the Ummah"). The Pakistan government officially named him a "national poet".〔 His birthday ''Yōm-e Welādat-e Muḥammad Iqbāl'' () or (Iqbal Day) is a public holiday in Pakistan. In India he is also remembered as the author of the popular song ''Saare Jahaan Se Achcha''. ==Personal life== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Muhammad Iqbal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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